Maruyama Masao (1952) Nihon seiji shisō shi kenkyū, trans. Mikiso Hane, Studies in the Intellectual History of Tokugawa Japan, Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, 1974. (English translation of Maruyama’s classic study of the relation between Tokugawa thought and politics, including good summaries of the basic philosophical positions.)

Matsunaga Daigan and Matsunaga, A. (1974–6) Foundation of Japanese Buddhism, Los Angeles, CA: Buddhist Books International, 2 vols. (A technical, detailed exposition of the Buddhist philosophical systems of Nara, Heian and Kamakura Japan.)

Moore, C.A. (ed.) (1967) The Japanese Mind: Essentials of Japanese Philosophy and Culture, Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press. (A provocative, but somewhat uneven, collection of fifteen essays by Japanese philosophers who participated in East–West Philosophers’ Conferences during 1939–64.)

Nakamura Hajime (1969) A History of the Development of Japanese Thought, Tokyo: Kokusai Bunka Shinkokai (Japan Cultural Society), 2 vols, 2nd edn. (Not an integrated book but a set of seven excellent essays on different periods of Japanese philosophy. Out-of-print, but still one of the most insightful discussions available in English.)

Nishida Kitarō (1911) Zen no kenkyū, trans. Masao Abe and C. Ives, An Inquiry into the Good, New Haven, CN: Yale University Press, 1990. (Translation of Nishida’s first major work; probably the most famous philosophical work of modern Japan.)

Piovesana, G.K. (1969) Contemporary Japanese Philosophical Thought, New York: St John’s University Press. (Good survey of major Japanese philosophers 1862–1962. Includes a good, but dated, bibliography.)

Tanabe Hajime (1946) Zangedō to shite no tetsugaku, trans. Takeuchi Yoshinori et al., Philosophy as Metanoetics, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1987. (Translation of Tanabe’s dense but profound reflection on the nature of philosophy.)

Tsunoda, R., de Bary, W.T. and Keene, D. (eds) (1964) Sources of Japanese Traditions, New York: Columbia University Press, 2 vols. (Extensive collection of short excepts from philosophical texts in translation, including brief but useful introductions to each writer.)

Watsuji Tetsurō (1937–49) Rinrigaku (Ethics), Tokyo: Iwanami shoten, 3 vols. (Watsuji’s fully developed ethical system with critiques of other systems, East and West. The best available edition is in vols 10–11 of Watsuji Tetsurō zenshū (Watsuji’s Collected Works), Tokyo: Iwanami shoten, 1961–3, 20 vols.)

Watsuji Tetsurō (1934) Ningen no gaku toshite no rinrigaku (Ethics as the Study of Human Being), Tokyo: Iwanami shoten. (The best source is vol. 9 of Watsuji Tetsurō zenshū (Watsuji’s Collected Works), Tokyo: Iwanami shoten, 1961–3, 20 vols. About half of this work has been translated by S. Yamamoto and R.E. Carter, Watsuji Tetsuro’s Rinrigaku: Ethics in Japan, Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1996.)