logic

1. Logic, philosophy of

Abelard, P.

1. Abelard, Peter
2. Abelard, Peter: 2 Works
3. Abelard, Peter: 2 Works
4. Abelard, Peter: 4 Logic

Albert the Great

1. Albert the Great: 2 Logic

algebra of

analytic/synthetic character

mathematical knowledge

1. Logicism: 1 Preliminary discussion

analytical philosophy

Latin America

1. Analytical philosophy in Latin America: 1 Early development
2. Analytical philosophy in Latin America: 3 Argentina
3. Analytical philosophy in Latin America: 4 Elsewhere in Latin America

ancient

1. Logic, ancient
2. Polish logic: 2 Lukasiewicz: sentential calculi and history of logic

anti-Aristotelian

Middle Platonism

1. Platonism, Early and Middle: 9 Logic

anti-positivism

Latin America

1. Anti-positivist thought in Latin America: 3 The Ateneo

argument

deduction (Aristotle)

1. Aristotle: 5 Deduction

Aristotelian

1. Logic, ancient

Boethius, A.M.S.

1. Aristotelianism, medieval: 2 Boethius and the earlier Middle Ages
2. Boethius, Anicius Manlius Severinus: 2 Works
3. Boethius, Anicius Manlius Severinus: 3 Logic

conceptual scope

1. Aristotle

empirical judgment

Jungius, J. reform

1. Jungius, Joachim
2. Jungius, Joachim: 2 Logica Hamburgensis

essentialism

1. Essentialism: 2 Grades of essential involvement

language

1. Aristotle: 4 Thought and language

logical form in

1. Logical form: 1 Logical form in Aristotelian logic
2. Logical form: 3 Comparing theories of logical form

new twelfth century texts

1. Aristotelianism, medieval: 3 The twelfth century

Philoponus

1. Philoponus: 1 The grammarian and commentator

Plato harmonization (Porphyry)

1. Porphyry: 2 Language and metaphysics

Plutarch of Chaeronea

1. Plutarch of Chaeronea : 6 Logic and epistemology

assent

Locke, J. critique

1. Locke, John: 2 The structure of Locke’s empiricism

beauty

1. Beauty: 1 Areas of general agreement about beauty

branching

medicine

1. Medicine, philosophy of: 5 Logics of diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy evaluation

Buddhism

Dharmakīrti

1. Dharmakirti
2. Dharmakirti: 1 Writings
3. Dharmakirti: 2 Epistemology and logic

Tibet

1. Tibetan philosophy: 4 Epistemology, logic and philosophy of language

Yogācāra

1. Epistemology, Indian schools of: 1 Buddhist pragmatism and coherentism

Carolingian renaissance

1. Carolingian renaissance: 2 The revival of logic

Cartesian (Clauberg, J.)

1. Clauberg, Johannes

chains of reason (Hobbes, T.)

1. Hobbes, Thomas: 3 The elements of philosophy: logic and metaphysics

China

1. Logic in China

dialectical

1. Daodejing: 2 Concrete advice

Mohist philosophy

1. Mohist philosophy: 5 Later Mohist philosophy

classical

intuitionistic logic comparison

1. Logical laws: 3 The question of extension

colonial philosophy

Latin America

1. Latin America, colonial thought in
2. Latin America, colonial thought in: 2 Philosophy in the colonies
3. Latin America, colonial thought in: 4 Formal logic
4. Latin America, colonial thought in

conditional

possible worlds semantics

1. Semantics, possible worlds: 5 Conditional logic

conditions of existence (Anderson, J.)

1. Anderson, John: 2 Systematic realism

of continua (Heytesbury, W.)

1. Heytesbury, William

critical idealism (Cohen, H.)

1. Cohen, Hermann: 2 ‘Critical idealism’ as the basis of the sciences and the humanities

De Morgan, A.

1. De Morgan, Augustus

deductive

methodology of discovery

1. Discovery, logic of: 1 Logic and method

definition

Indian concepts of

1. Definition, Indian concepts of

definition of

1. Logic, medieval: 4 The nature of logic

demonstrative method

Wolff, C.

1. Wolff, Christian: 5 Philosophical method

deontic

1. Deontic logic

critique of moral pluralism

1. Moral pluralism: 2 Relativism and moral dilemmas

Wright, G.H. von

1. Von Wright, Georg Henrik

diagrams

1. Logic in the 19th century: 3 Logic and mathematics: Boole
2. Logic in the 19th century: 5 Relations
3. Logic machines and diagrams

diairesis (Platonic division) (Speusippus)

1. Speusippus : 3 Ethics and logic

Dialectical school

1. Dialectical school

dialogical

1. Dialogical logic
2. Lorenzen, Paul: 3 Ortholanguage and dialogical logic

of discovery

1. Discovery, logic of

educational philosophy

1. Education, philosophy of: 3 Logic and critical thinking

eighteenth century

1. Logic in the 17th and 18th centuries

epistemic

1. Epistemic logic

erotetic

1. Questions: 6 Erotetic logic

of ethical discourse

1. Logic of ethical discourse

is-ought question

1. Logic of ethical discourse
2. Logic of ethical discourse: 1 The is/ought question and Hume’s law

particularism

1. Logic of ethical discourse: 6 Particularism, reasons holism, and the rejection of moral principles

universalism

1. Logic of ethical discourse
2. Logic of ethical discourse

ethics

Cohen, H.

1. Cohen, Hermann: 2 ‘Critical idealism’ as the basis of the sciences and the humanities

Epictetus

1. Epictetus: 2 Teachings
2. Epictetus: 2 Teachings

Eusebius

1. Eusebius : 2 Logic and ethics

existential quantification (Quine, W.V.)

1. Quine, Willard Van Orman: 5 Canonical notation and ontological commitment

experimental (Dewey, J.)

1. Dewey, John: 3 Metaphysics

extensions of

logical constants

1. Logical constants: 2 Extensions of elementary logic

fictional entities

1. Fictional entities: 1 Distinguishing the fictional from the nonfictional
2. Fictional entities: 2 Deflationary theories

first-order

formal

free

1. Free logics
2. Free logics, philosophical issues in

grammar distinction (Kilwardby, R.)

1. Kilwardby, Robert: 2 Grammar and logic

Hellenistic (Philo the Dialectician)

1. Philo the Dialectician: 2 What follows from what?

higher-order

1. Second- and higher-order logics

history of (Łukasiewicz, J.)

1. Lukasiewicz, Jan: 4 Propositional calculi

history relationship (Croce, B.)

1. Croce, Benedetto: 3 Logic and history

hypothesis testing

computational theories of mind

1. Mind, computational theories of: 4 Other forms of reason

inference

momentariness

Buddhist doctrine of

1. Momentariness, Buddhist doctrine of: 5 Proofs

inferential

Stoicism

1. Stoicism
2. Stoicism: 2 The parts of philosophy
3. Stoicism: 11 Inferential logic

infinitary

1. Infinitary logics
2. Logic in the early 20th century: 10 The prehistory of infinitary logic
3. Model theory: 6 Limitations of first-order model theory in mathematics

informal

1. Formal and informal logic

intensional

1. Carnap, Rudolf: 4 America
2. Intensional logics

intuitionistic

1. Intuitionistic logic and antirealism
2. Intuitionistic logic and antirealism
3. Intuitionistic logic and antirealism: 1 Standard intuitionistic logic
4. Intuitionistic logic and antirealism: 3 Bivalence and the meaning of the logical constants
5. Logical laws: 3 The question of extension
6. Many-valued logics, philosophical issues in: 5 From evaluations to valuations (cont.)

Islamic philosophy

1. Epistemology in Islamic philosophy: 2 Sources of knowledge
2. Islamic philosophy
3. Logic in Islamic philosophy

language relationship

1. Ibn Sina, Abu ‘Ali al-Husayn: 2 Reason and reality
2. Logic in Islamic philosophy
3. Logic in Islamic philosophy: 2 Logic, language and grammar
4. Meaning in Islamic philosophy: 2 Language versus logic

Jainism

1. Jaina philosophy
2. Jaina philosophy: 2 Epistemology and logic

Japanese philosophy

1. Logic in Japan

Jewish philosophy

Messer Leon

1. Messer Leon, Judah
2. Messer Leon, Judah: 1 Life and works

language relationship

Islamic philosophy

1. Ibn Sina, Abu ‘Ali al-Husayn: 2 Reason and reality
2. Logic in Islamic philosophy
3. Logic in Islamic philosophy: 2 Logic, language and grammar
4. Meaning in Islamic philosophy: 2 Language versus logic

laws of

1. Logical laws

laws of thought (Mill, J.S.)

1. Mill, John Stuart
2. Mill, John Stuart: 2 Language and logic
3. Mill, John Stuart: 4 ‘Psychologism’ and naturalism

lekton

Stoicism

1. Stoicism: 8 The lekton

linear

1. Linear logic

many-valued

master argument (Cleanthes)

1. Cleanthes

mathematico-deductive (Amo, A.W.)

1. Amo, Anton Wilhelm

medieval

1. Logic, medieval
2. Medieval philosophy

Buridan, J.

1. Buridan, John
2. Buridan, John: 2 Logic

intentionality

1. Intentionality: 1 The history of the concept of intentionality

Kilvington, R.

1. Kilvington, Richard

Llull, R.

1. Llull, Ramon: 2 The Great Universal Art of Finding Truth

natural philosophy

1. Natural philosophy, medieval: 8 Medieval variations on Aristotelian natural philosophy: new methods

Oxford Calculators

1. Oxford Calculators: 4 Calculations and logic

Peter of Auvergne

1. Peter of Auvergne

Peter of Spain

1. Peter of Spain

Richard Rufus of Cornwall

1. Richard Rufus of Cornwall : 4 Logic

Roscelin of Compiègne

1. Roscelin of Compiègne

William of Ockham

1. William of Ockham: 6 Logic and philosophy of language: levels of discourse, connotation, intentions

Wodeham, A.

1. Wodeham, Adam: 4 Logic

Wyclif, J.

1. Wyclif, John: 2 Contribution to logic

methodology (Lambert, J.H.)

1. Lambert, Johann Heinrich

modal

multiple conclusion

1. Multiple-conclusion logic

multiple-conclusion

1. Multiple-conclusion logic

naturalized epistemology (Quine, W.V.)

1. Quine, Willard Van Orman
2. Quine, Willard Van Orman: 4 Logic as first-order logic

new (Bacon, F.)

1. Bacon, Francis: 4 The new logic

New Logic School

Indian philosophy (Gageśa)

1. Gangesa

nineteenth century

1. Logic in the 19th century

non-monotonic

1. Non-monotonic logic

common-sense reasoning

1. Common-sense reasoning, theories of
2. Common-sense reasoning, theories of

Nyāya (Uddyotakara)

1. Uddyotakara

ontology of (Łukasiewicz, J.)

1. Lukasiewicz, Jan: 5 The history of logic

paraconsistent

1. Paraconsistent logic

Paul of Venice

1. Paul of Venice
2. Paul of Venice

Peripatetic

Encyclopedists, medieval

1. Encyclopedists, medieval: 5 Boethius

Platonism

Early and Middle

1. Platonism, Early and Middle: 9 Logic

Polish

1. Lukasiewicz, Jan: 3 Many-valued logic
2. Polish logic

Port-Royal (Arnauld, A.)

1. Arnauld, Antoine: 1 Life and works

pragmatic a priori (Lewis, C.I.)

1. Lewis, Clarence Irving
2. Lewis, Clarence Irving: 2 Logic and the a priori

primacy of (Wolff, C.)

1. Wolff, Christian: 4 The parts of philosophy

proof of reality (Owen, G.E.L.)

1. Owen, Gwilym Ellis Lane: 1 Logic and metaphysics in Plato and Parmenides

propositional

consequence (Geulincx, A.)

1. Geulincx, Arnold: 2 Logic

epistemic

1. Epistemic logic: 1 Propositional epistemic logic

terminist (Buridan, J.)

1. Buridan, John: 2 Logic

propositional (Geulincx, A.)

1. Geulincx, Arnold: 2 Logic

provability

1. Provability logic

psychology relationship (Twardowski, K.)

1. Twardowski, Kazimierz: 4 Other contributions to philosophy

psychology theory

1. Psychology, theories of: 5 Marginal influences

quantum

1. Quantum logic
2. Quantum mechanics, interpretation of: 3 Interpretations of quantum theory

questions

effective systems

1. Questions: 2 Effective systems

reality relationship

Islamic philosophy

1. Epistemology in Islamic philosophy: 3 Logic and knowledge

reism (Kotarbiński, T.)

1. Kotarbinski, Tadeusz
2. Kotarbinski, Tadeusz: 1 Ontological reism

relations (Leibniz, G.W.)

1. Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm

relative identity

1. Trinity: 3 Relative identity

relevance

1. Relevance logic and entailment

Renaissance

1. Logic, Renaissance
2. Renaissance philosophy
3. Scepticism, Renaissance: 2 Informal sceptical currents

Aristotelianism

Fonseca, P. da

1. Fonseca, Pedro da: 2 Logic

Toletus, F.

1. Toletus, Franciscus: 3 Logic

divisions of

1. Logic, Renaissance: 1 The nature and divisions of logic

George of Trebizond

1. George of Trebizond
2. George of Trebizond

infinite numbers (Toletus, F.)

1. Toletus, Franciscus: 4 Physics

John of St Thomas

1. John of St Thomas: 2 Logic

linguistic usage (Valla, L.)

1. Valla, Lorenzo: 4 Logic

medieval influence

1. Logic, Renaissance

medieval logic contrast

1. Logic, Renaissance: 2 The medieval inheritance

method

1. Logic, Renaissance: 7 The discussion of method

Ramus, P.

1. Ramus, Petrus: 2 Logic and rhetoric

Soto, D. de

1. Soto, Domingo de: 2 Logic

Zabarella, J.

1. Zabarella, Jacopo
2. Zabarella, Jacopo: 2 The nature of logic

second-order

semantics (Marsilius of Inghen)

1. Marsilius of Inghen: 1 Logic

set theory (Quine, W.V.)

1. Quine, Willard Van Orman: 4 Logic as first-order logic

seventeenth century

1. Logic in the 17th and 18th centuries

social relativism

1. Social relativism: 4 Idealism

social theory (Bourdieu, P.)

1. Bourdieu, Pierre

soku

Kyoto School

1. Kyoto School: 3 The logic of affirmation-in-negation

Stoicism

1. Logic, ancient: 5 Stoic logic and semantics
2. Posidonius: 3 Logic

suppositions (William of Sherwood)

1. William of Sherwood

syllogistic

Encyclopedists, medieval

1. Encyclopedists, medieval: 4 Martianus Capella

Holcot’s application

1. Holcot, Robert

Philoponus

1. Philoponus: 1 The grammarian and commentator

Theophrastus

1. Theophrastus: 2 Logic and grammar

syntactic categories (Ajdukiewicz, K.)

1. Ajdukiewicz, Kazimierz: 5 Contributions to logic

System Sigma (Royce, J.)

1. Royce, Josiah: 4 Mathematical logic

temporal

tense

1. Prior, Arthur Norman
2. Prior, Arthur Norman: 2 Tense logic
3. Tense and temporal logic

theology relevance (Bonaventure)

1. Bonaventure: 3 Happiness and the limits of philosophy

tolerance (Carnap, R.)

1. Carnap, Rudolf: 3 Syntax

truth constants (Quine, W.V.)

1. Quine, Willard Van Orman: 8 The theory of meaning: its myths and dogmas

truth theories

language

1. Meaning and truth: 2 Truth theories

twentieth century, early

1. Logic in the early 20th century

validity

logical laws

1. Logical laws: 1 The semantic question
2. Logical laws: 2 The metaphysical question
3. Logical laws: 3 The question of extension

verificationism (Ayer, A.J.)

1. Ayer, Alfred Jules: 2 Verificationism
2. Ayer, Alfred Jules: 2 Verificationism