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Contents

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Transliteration and Naming Conventions

All names and terms from non-roman alphabets have been romanized in the Encyclopedia. Foreign names have been given according to the conventions within the particular language.

1. Arabic
2. Chinese, Korean and Japanese
3. Hebrew
4. Russian
5. Sanscrit
6. Tibetan
7. European names
8. Historical names

Arabic

Arabic has been transliterated in a simplified form, that is, without macrons or subscripts. Names of philosophers are given in their Arabic form rather than their Latinate form, for example, Ibn Rushd rather than Averroes. Arabic names beginning with the prefix 'al-' are alphabetized under the substantive part of the name and not the prefix. For example:

1. Kilwardby, Robert (d. 1279)
2. Al-Kindi, Abu Yusuf Ya'qub ibn Ishaq (d. c.866-73)
3. Knowledge and justification, coherence theory of
4. Arabic names beginning with the prefix 'Ibn' are alphabetized under 'I.'

Chinese, Korean and Japanese

Chinese has been transliterated using the Pinyin system. Dummy titles in the older Wade-Giles system are given in the text for names and key terms; these direct the reader to the Pinyin titles. Japanese has been transliterated using a modified version of the Hepburn system. Chinese, Japanese and Korean names are given in Asian form, that is, surname preceding forenames. For example:

1. Wang Fuzhi
2. Nishitani Keiji

The exception is where an author has chosen to present their own name in conventional Western form.

Hebrew

Hebrew has been transliterated in a simplified form, that is, without macrons or subscripts.

Russian

Cyrillic characters have been transliterated using the Library of Congress system. Russian names are usually given with their patronymic, for example, Bakunin, Mikhail Aleksandrovich.

Sanskrit

A guide to the pronunciation of Sanskrit can be found in the Indian and Tibetan philosophy signpost entry.

Tibetan

Tibetan has been transliterated using the Wiley system. Dummy titles in the Virginia system are given in the text for names and key terms. A guide to Tibetan pronunciation can be found in the Indian and Tibetan Philosophy signpost entry.

European names

Names beginning with the prefixes, 'De', 'Von' or 'Van' are usually alphabetized under the substantive part of the name. For example:

1. Beauvoir, Simone de
2. Humboldt, Wilhelm von

The exception to this rule is when the person is either a national of or has spent some time living or working in an English-speaking country. For example:

1. De Morgan, Augustus
2. Von Wright, Georg Henrik

Names beginning with the prefix 'De la' or 'Le' are alphabetized under the prefix 'La' or 'Le'. For example:

1. La Forge, Louis de
2. Le Doeuff, Michèle
3. Names beginning with 'Mc' or 'Mac' are treated as 'Mac' and appear before Ma.

Historical Names

Medieval and Renaissance names where a person is not usually known by a surname are alphabetized under the forename. For example:

1. Giles of Rome
2. John of Salisbury

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