Biographical
Descartes, René (1596–1650)
René Descartes, often called the father of modern philosophy, attempted to break with the philosophical traditions of his day and start philosophy anew. Rejecting the Aristotelian philosophy of ...
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Biographical
Kudriavtsev-Platonov, Viktor Dmitrievich (1828–91)
Calling his position ‘transcendental monism’, Kudriavtsev held that neither the material nor the ideal spheres can be reduced to the other, but together form a harmonious whole under ...
Thematic
Voluntarism
Voluntarism is a theory of action. It traces our actions less to our intellects and natural inclinations than to simple will or free choice. Applied to thinking about ...
Biographical
Novalis (Georg Philipp Friedrich von Hardenberg) (1772–1801)
Novalis (the name is a pseudonym adopted for his published writings) was, together with Friedrich Schlegel and Friedrich Schleiermacher, the leading philosophical thinker of ‘early German Romanticism’. Until ...