Thematic
Mind, identity theory of
We know that the brain is intimately connected with mental activity. Indeed, doctors now define death in terms of the cessation of the relevant brain activity. The identity ...
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Thematic
Mind, identity theory of
The doctrine that mental states are identical with physical states has long played a prominent role in theories of mind and consciousness. The most widely discussed version of ...
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Perception
If you want to get to grips with philosophy of perception, the best place to start is M.G.F. Martin’s entry on (you guessed it) perception! ...
Biographical
Smart, John Jamieson Carswell (1920–2012)
J.J.C. (Jack) Smart was born in England and studied at Glasgow and Oxford universities before moving to Australia to take up the Chair of Philosophy at Adelaide University. ...
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Thematic
Materialism
Materialism is a set of related theories which hold that all entities and processes are composed of – or are reducible to – matter, material forces or physical ...
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Materialism in the philosophy of mind
Materialism – which, for almost all purposes, is the same as physicalism – is the theory that everything that exists is material. Natural science shows that most things ...
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Neuron doctrine
The neuron doctrine refers to the idea that neurons are the fundamental units of the nervous system and that understanding the activity of these cells is all that ...
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Physicalism
Physicalism is a view about the relationship between people’s mental properties and their physical properties. It claims that people’s mental properties are nothing over and above – nothing ...
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Type/token distinction
The type/token distinction is related to that between universals and particulars. C.S. Peirce introduced the terms ‘type’ and ‘token’, and illustrated the distinction by pointing to two senses ...
Biographical
Alexander, Samuel (1859–1938)
Samuel Alexander was a leading British philosopher of the early twentieth century. Along with G.E. Moore and Bertrand Russell, he is responsible for the rise of realism in ...
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Thematic
Mental illness, concept of
The mad were once thought to be wicked or possessed, whereas now they are generally thought to be sick, or mentally ill. Usually, this is regarded as a ...
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Supervenience of the mental
Phenomena of one kind ‘supervene on’ phenomena of another kind just in case differences with respect to the first kind require differences with respect to the second. G.E. ...
Thematic
Epiphenomenalism
Epiphenomenalism is a theory concerning the relation between the mental and physical realms, regarded as radically different in nature. The theory holds that only physical states have causal ...
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Propositional attitudes
Examples of propositional attitudes include the belief that snow is white, the hope that Mt Rosea is twelve miles high, the desire that there should be snow at ...
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Dualism
Dualism is the view that mental phenomena are, in some respect, nonphysical. The best-known version is due to Descartes (1641), and holds that the mind is a nonphysical ...
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Functionalism
The term ‘functionalism’ means different things in many different disciplines from architectural theory to zoology. In contemporary philosophy of mind, however, it is uniformly understood to stand for ...
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History of materialism
Materialism is an ontological theory, that is, a theory about the kind of things that exist. In its simplest form, it can be understood to be making one ...
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Reductionism in the philosophy of mind
Reductionism in the philosophy of mind is one of the options available to those who think that humans and the human mind are part of the natural physical ...
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Anomalous monism
Anomalous monism, proposed by Donald Davidson in 1970, implies that all events are of one fundamental kind, namely physical. But it does not deny that there are mental ...
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Mind and body in early modern philosophy
European philosophers of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries proposed a wide range of views about the nature of the mind and its relation to the body. ...
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Overview
Mind, philosophy of
‘Philosophy of mind’, and ‘philosophy of psychology’ are two terms for the same general area of philosophical inquiry: the nature of mental phenomena and their connection with behaviour ...
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Colour and qualia
There are two basic philosophical problems about colour. The first concerns the nature of colour itself. That is, what sort of property is it? When I say of ...
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Mental causation
Both folk and scientific psychology assume that mental events and properties participate in causal relations. However, considerations involving the causal completeness of physics and the apparent non-reducibility of ...
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Qualia
The terms ‘quale’ and ‘qualia’ (plural) are most commonly understood to mean the qualitative, phenomenal or ‘felt’ properties of our mental states, such as the throbbing pain of ...
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Bodily sensations
Bodily sensations are those feelings, or sensory experiences, most intimately associated with one’s body: aches, tickles; feelings of pain and pleasure, of warmth, of fatigue. Many philosophers contrast ...
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