Thematic
Natural philosophy, medieval
Medieval Latin natural philosophy falls into two main periods, before the rise of the universities (mainly in the twelfth century, when works were produced in connection with aristocratic ...
Search Results 1 - 25 of 57. Results contain 81 matches
Biographical
Wyclif, John (c.1330–84)
John Wyclif was a logician, theologian and religious reformer. A Yorkshireman educated at Oxford, he was first prominent as a logician; he developed some technical notions of the ...
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Thematic
Oxford Calculators
‘Oxford Calculators’ is a modern label for a group of thinkers at Oxford in the mid-fourteenth century, whose approach to problems was noticed in the immediately succeeding centuries ...
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Biographical
Wodeham, Adam (c.1298–1358)
An English Franciscan theologian, Wodeham was preoccupied with logical and semantic questions. He lectured for about a decade on Peter Lombard’s Sentences, first at London, then at Norwich ...
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Thematic
Islamic fundamentalism
The philosophical roots of Islamic fundamentalism are largely the result of a conscious attempt to revive and restate the theoretical relevance of Islam in the modern world. The ...
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Thematic
Logic, Renaissance
Renaissance logic is often identified with humanist logic, which is in some ways closer to rhetoric than to the study of formal argumentation. This is a mistake, for ...
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Biographical
Marsilius of Inghen (1330–96)
The theological and philosophical works of Marsilius of Inghen are characterized by a logico-semantical approach in which he followed John Buridan, combined with an eclectic use of older ...
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Biographical
Zabarella, Jacopo (1533–89)
Jacopo Zabarella was a professor of philosophy at the University of Padua. His work shows conclusively not only that it was possible to philosophize creatively within the limits ...
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Biographical
John of Jandun (c.1280/9–1328)
John of Jandun was the most important medieval philosopher in the Latin West to consider Averroes the true interpreter of the thought of Aristotle. He considered Aristotle to ...
Biographical
John of Mirecourt (fl. c.1345)
The traditional view that John of Mirecourt was condemned because he was a radical sceptic has been brought into question by more extensive research on his writings. For ...
Biographical
Giles of Rome (c.1243/7–1316)
Giles of Rome was one of the most eminent theologians and commentators on the works of Aristotle at the University of Paris in the second half of the ...
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Biographical
Marston, Roger (c.1235–c.1303)
Roger Marston, an English Franciscan philosopher–theologian, was a pupil of John Pecham and a fellow student with Matthew of Aquasparta. Following closely in the footsteps of his master, ...
Biographical
Alighieri, Dante (1265–1321)
Although Dante never received a systematic training in philosophy, he tackled some of the most controversial philosophical problems of his time. In his theory of science, he asked ...
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Biographical
Dietrich of Freiberg (c.1250–after 1310)
In his work on the rainbow, De iride et radialibus impressionibus (On the Rainbow and Radial Impressions), Dietrich makes extensive use of experimental observation. He also wrote a ...
Biographical
Ibn Tzaddik, Joseph ben Jacob (d. 1149)
Joseph ibn Tzaddik was a thinker firmly within the Neoplatonic tradition of Jewish philosophy. He argued that through knowledge of our own body we understand the natural world, ...
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John of St Thomas (1589–1644)
The seventeenth-century Portuguese Dominican, John of St Thomas or John Poinsot, was a major figure in late scholastic philosophy and theology. Educated at Coimbra and Louvain, he taught ...
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Biographical
Major, John (1467–1550)
John Major was one of the last great logicians of the Middle Ages. Scottish in origin but Parisian by training, he continued the doctrines and the mode of ...
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Paul of Venice (1369/72–1429)
Like other teachers in fifteenth-century Italian universities, Paul of Venice focused on logic and natural philosophy in an undergraduate programme directed toward the education of medical students. Despite ...
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Biographical
Pecham, John (c.1230–92)
John Pecham, an English Franciscan, taught at Paris and Oxford, and died as Archbishop of Canterbury. His philosophical career represents a concentrated effort to defend the traditional views ...
Biographical
Gregory of Rimini (c.1300–58)
Gregory of Rimini was for a long time known primarily for his doctrine of predestination and for his notion of ‘the complexly signifiable’ in the semantics of propositions. ...
Biographical
Hugh of St Victor (d. 1141)
Hugh of St Victor initiated the teaching programme that distinguished the Parisian abbey of St Victor during the twelfth century. His teaching combined an ambitious programme of biblical ...
Biographical
Peter of Auvergne (d. 1304)
Peter of Auvergne, a thirteenth-century Parisian master, wrote extensively on logic, natural philosophy and theology. His thought progresses from modism in logic to an independent synthesis of Aristotelian ...
Biographical
Boethius of Dacia (fl. c.1275)
Boethius developed an original theory of scientific knowledge designed to reconcile science with Christian doctrine without allowing one to determine the contents of the other. His main strategy ...
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Buridan, John (c.1300–after 1358)
Unlike most other important philosophers of the scholastic period, John Buridan never entered the theology faculty but spent his entire career as an arts master at the University ...
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Biographical
Abelard, Peter (1079–1142)
Among the many scholars who promoted the revival of learning in western Europe in the early twelfth century, Abelard stands out as a consummate logician, a formidable polemicist ...
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