Thematic
Pyrrhonism
Pyrrhonism was the name given by the Greeks to one particular brand of scepticism, that identified (albeit tenuously) with Pyrrho of Elis, who was said (by his disciple ...
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Biographical
Sextus Empiricus (fl. c. AD 200)
Sextus Empiricus is our major surviving source for Greek scepticism. Three works of his survive: a general sceptical handbook (Outlines of Pyrrhonism), a partly lost longer treatment of ...
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Aenesidemus (1st century BC)
Aenesidemus was a Greek philosopher of the first century bc who revived Pyrrhonian Scepticism, formulating the basic Ten Modes of Scepticism, or tropoi, and demonstrating that ...
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Agrippa (1st/2nd century AD)
Agrippa, a Sceptic of the first or second century ad, compiled five general modes of Sceptical argument: the views of positive theorists are subject to endemic disagreement ...
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Mersenne, Marin (1588–1648)
Marin Mersenne represents a new seventeenth-century perspective on natural knowledge. This perspective elevated the classical mathematical sciences over natural philosophy as the appropriate models of what can be ...
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Arcesilaus (c.316–c.240 BC)
Arcesilaus of Pitane came to Athens as a young man, and was seduced by Platonic philosophy. Around 265 he became head of the Academy. He turned the school ...
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Pyrrho (c.365–c.275 BC)
The Greek philosopher Pyrrho of Elis gave his name first to the most influential version of ancient scepticism (Pyrrhonism), and later to scepticism as such (pyrrhonism). Like Socrates, ...
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Biographical
Timon (c.315–c.225 BC)
Timon was a Greek philosopher-poet. The formative influence on his life was his meeting with Pyrrho, who was later hailed as the founder of Scepticism. He devoted his ...
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Overview
Ancient philosophy
The philosophy of the Greco-Roman world from the sixth century bc to the sixth century ad laid the foundations for all subsequent Western philosophy. Its greatest ...
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Montaigne, Michel Eyquem de (1533–92)
Montaigne was a sixteenth-century French philosopher and essayist, who became known as the French Socrates. During the religious wars between the Catholics and the Protestants in France, he ...
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Thematic
Scepticism, Renaissance
Ancient Greek scepticism was revived during the Renaissance, and played an important role in the religious and philosophical controversies of the time. There is little evidence that ancient ...
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Bayle, Pierre (1647–1706)
Bayle was one of the most profound sceptical thinkers of all time. He was also a champion of religious toleration, and an important moral philosopher. The fundamental aim ...
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Foucher, Simon (1644–96)
Simon Foucher, Canon of Dijon, was a sceptical thinker, active in intellectual circles in Paris. His main philosophical project was the revival of Academic scepticism, and he emerged ...
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Thematic
Knowledge, concept of
The word ‘know’ is exceptional for a number of reasons. It is one of the ten most commonly used verbs in English, alongside basic verbs like ‘be’, ‘do’, ...
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Thematic
Moral scepticism
Scepticism in general is the view that we can have little or no knowledge; thus moral scepticism is the view that we can have little or no moral ...
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Thematic
Libertins
The term ‘libertin’ was first used in France in the late sixteenth century as a term of abuse directed against alleged free-thinkers and atheists who were linked with ...
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Thematic
Epistemology, history of
Epistemology has always been concerned with issues such as the nature, extent, sources and legitimacy of knowledge. Over the course of western philosophy, philosophers have concentrated sometimes on ...
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Thematic
Hellenistic philosophy
The Hellenistic schools dominated the Greco-Roman world from c.300 bc to the mid first century bc, making it an era of great philosophical brilliance. The ...
Thematic
Knowledge, concept of
The branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and extent of human knowledge is called epistemology (from the Greek epistēmē meaning knowledge, and logos meaning theory). ...
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Condorcet, Marie-Jean-Antoine-Nicolas Caritat de (1743–94)
The Marquis de Condorcet belongs to the second generation of eighteenth-century French philosophes. He was by training and inclination a mathematician, and his work marks a major ...
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Thematic
Doubt
Doubt is often defined as a state of indecision or hesitancy with respect to accepting or rejecting a given proposition. Thus, doubt is opposed to belief. But doubt ...
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Hume, David (1711–76)
David Hume, one of the most prominent philosophers of the eighteenth century, was an empiricist, a naturalist and a sceptic. His aim, as stated in his early masterpiece, ...
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Descartes, René (1596–1650)
René Descartes, often called the father of modern philosophy, attempted to break with the philosophical traditions of his day and start philosophy anew. Rejecting the Aristotelian philosophy of ...
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Thematic
Epistemic infinitism
If you believe something rationally, you believe it for a reason. And that reason can’t just be any old reason. You’ve got to rationally hold it as a ...
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Clandestine literature
Clandestine philosophical (anti-Christian) literature of the seventeenth century circulated in manuscript form until its publication by the philosophes in the later eighteenth century. Since research began, the ...
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