Thematic
Second-order logic, philosophical issues in
Typically, a formal language has variables that range over a collection of objects, or domain of discourse. A language is ‘second-order’ if it has, in addition, variables that ...
Search Results 1 - 9 of 9. Results contain 14 matches
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Thematic
Löwenheim–Skolem theorems and nonstandard models
Sometimes we specify a structure by giving a description and counting anything that satisfies the description as just another model of it. But at other times we start ...
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Thematic
Logical constants
A fundamental problem in the philosophy of logic is to characterize the concepts of ‘logical consequence’ and ‘logical truth’ in such a way as to explain what is ...
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Overview
Logic, philosophy of
Philosophy of logic can be roughly characterized as those philosophical topics which have emerged either from the technical development of symbolic (mathematical) logic, or from the motivations that ...
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Thematic
Logic in the second half of the twentieth century
By the end of the first half of the twentieth century, logic had become a mature philosophical and mathematical discipline. As happens in mature disciplines, in the second ...
Thematic
Predicate calculus
The predicate calculus is the dominant system of modern logic, having displaced the traditional Aristotelian syllogistic logic that had been the previous paradigm. Like Aristotle’s, it is a ...
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Thematic
Logical laws
There are at least three different kinds of answer to the question ‘What is a logical law?’ One establishes what it means for something to be a logical ...
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Second- and higher-order logics
In first-order predicate logic there are symbols for fixed individuals, relations and functions on a given universe of individuals and there are variables ranging over the individuals, with ...
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Thematic
Intensional entities
Intensional entities are such things as concepts, propositions and properties. What makes them ‘intensional’ is that they violate the principle of extensionality; the principle that equivalence implies identity. ...
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