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Search Results 1 - 25 of 40. Results contain 50 matches


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Thematic

Social norms

A social norm may be defined as the rule of a particular social group. That men are to open doors for women, for instance, may be the rule ...

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Biographical

Løgstrup, Knud Ejler (1905–81)

Løgstrup is the most significant Danish theological and philosophical thinker after Søren Kierkegaard (see Kierkegaard, Søren Aabye) and the most important Danish intellectual of the twentieth century if ...

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Thematic

Constructivism in ethics

There have been many forms of the idea that there are no distinctively ethical properties, and that ethical claims are composed or constructed out of other considerations. In ...

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Biographical

Durkheim, Émile (1858–1917)

Émile Durkheim is generally recognized to be one of the founders of sociology as a distinct scientific discipline. Trained as a philosopher, Durkheim identified the central theme of ...

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Thematic

Morality and emotions

Emotions such as anger, fear, grief, envy, compassion, love and jealousy have a close connection to morality. Philosophers have generally agreed that they can pose problems for morality ...

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Thematic

Privacy

The distinction between private and public is both central to much legal and political thought and subject to serious challenge on philosophical, practical and political grounds by critics ...

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Thematic

French philosophy of science

A distinctively French tradition in the philosophy of science began with Descartes, continued through the Enlightenment in works such as D’Alembert’s Discours préliminaire and the Encyclopédie, and flowered ...

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Thematic

Society, concept of

The term ‘society’ is broader than ‘human society’. Many other species are described as possessing a social way of life. Yet mere gregariousness, of the kind found in ...

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Thematic

International law, philosophy of

The philosophy of international law has a long history, reaching back on some accounts beyond the Medieval period to late Hellenistic philosophy. In the twentieth century work in ...

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Thematic

Crime and punishment

An account of how state punishment can be justified requires an account of the state, as having the authority to punish, and of crime, as that which is ...

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Thematic

Disgust

Article Summary ...

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Thematic

Work, philosophy of

Unlike play, work is activity that has to involve significant expenditure of effort and be directed toward some goal beyond enjoyment. The term ‘work’ is also used to ...

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Thematic

Causation, further themes

Recent work in the philosophy of causation has explored a number of issues relating to the objectivity of causation, including the place of causation in metaphysics and science, ...

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Thematic

Animal minds

By examining the mind across species, we can make better progress on questions about the nature of the mind generally. While this has been acknowledged since ancient times, ...

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Biographical

Bakhtin, Mikhail Mikhailovich (1895–1975)

Bakhtin is generally regarded as the most influential twentieth-century Russian literary theorist. His writings on literature, language, ethics, authorship, carnival, time and the theory of culture have shaped ...

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Thematic

Communication and intention

The classic attempt to understand communication in terms of the intentions of a person making an utterance was put forward by Paul Grice in 1957. Grice was concerned ...

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Thematic

Moral motivation

Questions about the possibility and nature of moral motivation occupy a central place in the history of ethics. Philosophers disagree, however, about the role that motivational investigations should ...

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Thematic

Sensations

Apart from the common use of ‘sensation’ to refer to bodily feelings, the word has been adopted by philosophers and scientists to talk about specific feelings arising from ...

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Thematic

Social action

Most of our actions take place in a social context and are, accordingly, in one way or another, dependent on the existence of other persons and their relevant ...

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Thematic

Systems theory in social science

‘Systems theory’ is a label for two very different approaches to social analysis. The first was a post-1945 successor to traditional organicist theories of society that for some ...

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Thematic

Marxism, Western

Western Marxism is used here as an umbrella term for the various schools of Marxist thought that have flourished in Western Europe since Marx’s death in 1883. It ...

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Thematic

Reciprocity

To reciprocate is to return good in proportion to the good one has received, or to retaliate proportionately for harms. The central, contested philosophical issues surrounding reciprocity are ...

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Thematic

African traditional religions

Religion has been at the centre of recent philosophical debate in Africa for two major reasons. The first is that the answers to many central canonical philosophical questions ...

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Thematic

Anthropology, philosophy of

Anthropology, like philosophy, is multifaceted. It studies humans’ physical, social, cultural and linguistic development, as well as their material culture, from prehistoric times up to the present, in ...

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Thematic

Cynics

Cynicism (originating in the mid-fourth century bc) was arguably the most original and influential branch of the Socratic tradition in antiquity, whether we consider its impact on ...

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