Thematic
Species
The diversity of life is not seamless but comes in relatively discrete packages, species. Is that packaging real, or an artefact of our limited temporal perspective on the ...
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"species" appears most in:
Overview
Aesthetics
Aesthetics owes its name to Alexander Baumgarten who derived it from the Greek aisthanomai, which means perception by means of the senses (see Baumgarten, A.G.). As the ...
"species" appears most in:
Overview
Medieval philosophy
Medieval philosophy is the philosophy of Western Europe from about ad 400–1400, roughly the period between the fall of Rome and the Renaissance. Medieval philosophers are the ...
"species" appears most in:
Overview
Biology, philosophy of
Biologists sometimes look perplexed when they are told of the existence of a subject called ‘The Philosophy of Biology’. What, they ask, is there to philosophise about in ...
"species" appears most in:
Overview
Russian philosophy
Russian thought is best approached without fixed preconceptions about the nature and proper boundaries of philosophy. Conditions of extreme political oppression and economic backwardness are not conducive to ...
"species" appears most in:
Overview
Slovakia, philosophy in
Until as late as 1918, social and national circumstances were not favourable to the development of philosophy in Slovakia. The enforced retardation of the country had an obviously ...
"species" appears most in:
Overview
Metaethics
A tripartite distinction is often drawn in moral philosophy between (i) applied ethics, (ii) normative ethical theory, and (iii) metaethics. Applied ethics seeks answers to moral questions about ...
"species" appears most in:
Overview
Mathematics, foundations of
Conceived of philosophically, the foundations of mathematics concern various metaphysical and epistemological problems raised by mathematical practice, its results and applications. Most of these problems are of ancient ...
"species" appears most in:
Overview
Political philosophy
Political philosophy can be defined as philosophical reflection on how best to arrange our collective life - our political institutions and our social practices, such as our economic ...
Playlist
Introduction to Philosophy
REP can be approached at so many different levels: philosophers at any stage can lose themselves in the interconnected web of entries. ...
Playlist
Perception
If you want to get to grips with philosophy of perception, the best place to start is M.G.F. Martin’s entry on (you guessed it) perception! ...
Thematic
Units and levels of selection
In a standard Darwinian explanation, natural selection takes place at the level of the individual organism, i.e. some organisms enjoy a survival or reproduction advantage over others, which ...
"species" appears most in:
Thematic
Taxonomy
The fundamental elements of any classification are its theoretical commitments, basic units and the criteria for ordering these basic units into a classification. Two fundamentally different sorts of ...
"species" appears most in:
Thematic
Natural kinds in biology
Species are seen as paradigmatic natural kinds in biology. However, that assumption poses a potential problem for the traditional account of natural kinds. Many biologists and philosophers argue ...
"species" appears most in:
Biographical
Buffon, Georges Louis Leclerc, Comte de (1707–88)
Both as a scientist and as a writer, Buffon was one of the most highly esteemed figures of the European Enlightenment. In depicting the perpetual flux of the ...
"species" appears most in:
Thematic
Ecology
Philosophers of science have paid relatively little attention to ecology (compared to other areas of biology like evolution and genetics), but ecology poses many interesting foundational and methodological ...
"species" appears most in:
Thematic
Evolutionary theory and social science
Ideas from evolutionary theory impinge on the social sciences in two ways. First, there is the research programme of sociobiology, which attempts to demonstrate the impact of biological ...
"species" appears most in:
Biographical
Foot, Philippa (1920–2010)
Philippa Foot was a British moral philosopher based primarily at Oxford University, where she was a Fellow of Somerville College from 1950; and at University of California, Los ...
"species" appears most in:
Biographical
Linnaeus, Carl von (1707–78)
Linnaeus was educated in Sweden, and became a doctor of medicine in Harderwijk, Holland, in 1735. He visited other European countries then, but he never left Sweden after ...
"species" appears most in:
Biographical
Alexander of Aphrodisias (fl. c. AD 200)
The Peripatetic philosopher Alexander was known to posterity as the commentator on Aristotle, until Averroes took over this title. His commentaries eclipsed most of those of his ...
"species" appears most in:
Biographical
Darwin, Charles Robert (1809–82)
Darwin’s On the Origin of Species (1859) popularized the theory that all living things have evolved by natural processes from pre-existing forms. This displaced the traditional belief that ...
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Thematic
Deontological ethics
REVISED
Deontology is often defined by contrasting it with one of its chief competitors, consequentialism. In its simplest form, consequentialism claims that we only have one moral duty: to ...
"species" appears most in:
Overview
Social sciences, philosophy of
Although some of the topics and issues treated in the philosophy of social science are as old as philosophy itself (for example, the contrast between nature and convention ...
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Thematic
Randomness
The fundamental intuition underlying randomness is the absence of order or pattern. To cash out this intuition philosophers and scientists employ five approaches to randomness. ...
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Thematic
Confucian philosophy, Chinese
Chinese Confucian philosophy is primarily a set of ethical ideas oriented toward practice. Characteristically, it stresses the traditional boundaries of ethical responsibility and dao, or the ideal ...
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