Supervenience

References and further reading

	Blackburn, S. (1973) ‘Moral Realism’ and ‘Supervenience Revisited’, in Essays in Quasi-Realism, New York: Oxford University Press, 1993. (Both papers stress the importance of an exact definition of the supervenience of the ethical on the natural, and the difficulty of explaining the fact on various views of ethics.)
	Grimes, T.R. (1988) ‘The Myth of Supervenience’, Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 69: 152–160. (A critical look at proposed attempts to explicate the concept.)
	Hare, R.M. (1952) The Language of Morals, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (The standard introduction of the notion of supervenience into modern debate.)
	Hellman, G. and Thompson, F. (1975) ‘Physicalism: Ontology, Determinism and Reduction’, Journal of Philosophy 72 (17): 551–564. (A classic investigation of the metaphysics of supervenience.)
	Kim, J. (1984) ‘Concepts of Supervenience’, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 45: 153–176. (The classic paper defining and separating various concepts of supervenience.)
	Kim, J. (1990) ‘Supervenience as a Philosophical Concept’, Metaphilosophy 21: 3–27. (A somewhat more pessimistic revisitation of the concept.)
	Klagge, J.C. (1984) ‘An Alleged Difficulty Concerning Moral Properties’, Mind 93: 370–380. (An attempted rebuttal of Blackburn’s argument.)
	Morgen, C.L. (1923) Emergent Evolution, London: Williams & Norgate; repr. New York: AMS Press, 1977. (‘Emergence’ especially of life from chemical and physical complex systems, labelled the phenomenon of supervenience for an older generation of philosophers of mind and of biological science.)