Campbell, Norman Robert (1880–1949)

Campbell made important contributions to philosophy of science in the 1920s, influenced by Poincaré, Russell and his own work in physics. He produced pioneering analyses of the nature of physical theories and of measurement, but is mainly remembered for requiring a theory, for example, the kinetic theory of gases, to have an ‘analogy’, that is, an independent interpretation, for example, as laws of motion of a swarm of microscopic particles.