Struve, Pëtr Berngardovich (1870–1944)

A prominent figure in early Russian Marxism and in liberal politics during the last years of the Tsarist regime, Struve’s philosophical concerns centred around individual free will versus the historical process, and individual rights versus society and the state. He was among the first to argue that Marxism needed philosophical supplementation, particularly in light of new developments. Struve later abandoned Marxism altogether, upholding an idealism featuring above all a recognition of transcendent values and an appreciation of non-dogmatic religiosity.