Phenomenological movement

References and further reading

	Arendt, H. (1951) The Origins of Totalitarianism, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich; 2nd edn, enlarged, 1958. (A mature work in which history and ethnicity are emphasized as aspects of communal human existence.)
	Beauvoir, S. de (1949) Le deuxième sexe, Paris: Gallimard; trans. H.M. Parshley, The Second Sex, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1953. (The founding text for the second stage of feminism, which emphasizes not just formal equality but gender-specific cultural attitudes that need to be reconciled.)
	Becker, O. (1923) ‘Beiträge zur phänomenologischen Begründung der Geometrie und ihrer physikalischen Anwendungen’ (‘Contributions to the phenomenological grounding of geometry and its applications in physics’), Jahrbuch für Philosophie und phänomenologische Forschung 7. (As the title indicates, deals with geometry and its applications.)
	Bergson, H.-L. (1889) Essai sur les données immediates de la conscience, Paris: Alcan; trans. F.L. Pogson, Time and Free Will, London: Macmillan, 1910. (Anticipates the phenomenological focus on inner time, the time of the stream of conscious life, in contrast with the time coupled with space in which trees grow.)
	Brentano, F. (1874) Psychologie vom empirischen Standpunkt, ed. O. Kraus, Hamburg: Felix Meiner; trans. A.C. Rancurello, D.B. Terrell and L.L. McAlister and ed. L.L. McAlister, Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint, London, Routledge, 1969; 2nd edn, 1995. (Fundamental text of the descriptive psychology from which phenomenology arose through the rejection of immanentism.)
	Caputo, J. (1987) Radical Hermeneutics, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. (Example of recent hermeneutical phenomenology.)
	Derrida, J. (1990) Le probléme de la génèse dans la philosophie de Husserl (The problem of genesis in Husserl’s philosophy), Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. (Beginning of this author’s challenging interpretations of Husserl.)
	Dilthey, W. (1985–) Selected Works, ed. R.A. Makkreel and F. Rodi, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 6 vols. (Central author in relation to whose work phenomenologists reflect on the cultural sciences.)
	Embree, L. et al. (1996) The Encyclopedia of Phenomenology, Dordrecht: Kluwer. (Reviews the whole movement and can be used to approach particular figures, national traditions, and tendencies in it.)
	Gadamer, H.-G. (1931) ‘Platos dialektische Ethik: Phänomenologische Interpretationen sum Philebos’, in Platos dialektische Ethik, Hamburg: Felix Meiner, 1968; trans. Plato’s Dialectical Ethics, New Haven, CT: Yale University, 1991. (Arguably the first document of hermeneutical phenomenology beyond Heidegger.)
	Gadamer, H.-G. (1960) Wahrheit und Methode, Tübingen: J.C.B. Mohr; trans. Truth and Method, London: Sheed & Ward, 1975. (This author’s masterpiece.)
	Gurwitsch, A. (1957) The Field of Consciousness, Pittsburgh, PA: Duquesne University Press, 1964; trans. M. Butor, Théorie du champ de la conscience, Bruges and Paris: Desclée de Brouwer. (Creative development of constitutive phenomenology incorporating descriptive results from Gestalt psychology.)
	Hartmann, N. (1921) Grundzüge einer Metaphysik der Erkenntnis (Outline of a Metaphysics of Knowledge), Berlin: de Gruyter. (Metaphysical development from Husserl and realistic phenomenology.)
	Hartmann, N. (1925) Ethik, Berlin: de Gruyter; trans. S. Coit, Ethics, London: George Allen & Unwin, 1932. (Major contribution to phenomenological ethics.)
	Heelan, P. (1983) Space-Perception and the Philosophy of Science, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. (Recent hermeneutical contribution.)
	Heidegger, M. (1927) ‘Sein und Zeit’, Jahrbuch für Phänomenologie und phänomenologische Forschung 8; trans. J. Macquarrie and E. Robinson, Being and Time, London: SCM Press, 1962. (Incomplete masterpiece of second most important figure in phenomenology and source of hermeneutical as well as existential phenomenology.)
	Heidegger, M. (1947) Platons Lehre von der Wahrheit. Mit einem Brief über den ‘Humanismus’, Bern: Francke; trans. F.A. Capuzzo and J.G. Gray, ‘Letter on Humanism’, in M. Heidegger, Basic Writings, ed. D.F. Krell, New York: Harper & Row, 1986, 193–242. (Text in which Heidegger rejects existential interpretation of Sein und Zeit.)
	Husserl, E. (1891) Philosophie der Arithmetik, ed. L. Eley, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1970. (Attempts to account for the concept of number by relating it to the mental operation of counting.)
	Husserl, E. (1900–1) Logische Untersuchungen, Halle: Max Niemeyer; trans. J.N. Findlay, Logical Investigations, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1970. (Epoch-making source of the phenomenological movement in which the reflective-descriptive approach was radicalized and extended beyond the original epistemology of logic and mathematics.)
	Husserl, E. (1911) ‘Philosophie als strenge Wissenschaft’, Logos 1 (1910–11) 289–341; trans. as ‘Philosophy as rigorous science’, in Husserl: Shorter Works, ed. P. McCormick and F.A. Elliston, Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1981, 166–197. (Shows how Husserl’s concern broadened from logic and mathematics to include the natural sciences.)
	Husserl, E. (1913) Ideen zu einer reinen Phänomenologie und phänomenologischen Philosophie, Erstes Buch, in Husserliana vol. 3, ed. W. Biemel, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1976; trans. F. Kersten, Ideas Pertaining to a Pure Phenomenology and to a Phenomenological Philosophy, First Book, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1983. (Founding text of Husserl’s mature constitutive phenomenology.)
	Husserl, E. (1913) Ideen zu einer reinen Phänomenologie und phänomenologischen Philosophie, Zweites Buch, in Husserliana vol. 4, ed. M. Biemel, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1952; trans. R. Rojcewicz and A. Schuwer, Ideas Pertaining to a Pure Phenomenology and to a Phenomenological Philosophy, Second Book, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1989. (Shows Husserl’s theory of the lived body and interest in the cultural as well as the natural sciences.)
	Husserl, E. (1929) ‘Formale und transzendentale Logik: Versuch einer Kritik der logischen Vernunft’, Jahrbuch für Philosophie und phänomenologischeForschung 10: v–xii; 1–298; trans. D. Cairns, Formal and Transcendental Logic, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1969. (Husserl’s mature philosphy of logic and mathematics.)
	Husserl, E. (1930) ‘Nachwort zu meinen Ideen… ’; trans. as ‘Author’s Preface to the English edition of Ideas… ’, in Husserl: Shorter Works, ed. P. McCormick and F.A. Elliston, Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1981, 43–53. (Recognizes a ‘mundane’ or ‘worldly’ phenomenology, that amounts chiefly to phenomenological psychology.)
	Husserl, E. (1931) Cartesianische Meditationen, in Husserliana vol. 1, ed. S. Strasser, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1960; trans. G. Pfeiffer and E. Levinas, Méditations Cartésiennes, Paris: Vrin, 1931; trans. D. Cairns, Cartesian Meditations, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1960. (Short, long available, but quite difficult atttempt by Husserl to summarize his position.)
	Husserl, E. (1936) Die Krisis der europäischen Wissenschaften und die transzendentale Phänomenologie, in Husserliana vol. 4, ed. W. Biemel, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1954; trans. D. Carr, The Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology, Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1972. (Husserl’s last work, this text shows an historically oriented approach to natural science, emphasizes the lifeworld, and the relation of psychology to other cultural sciences with transcendental phenomenology.)
	Ihde, D. (1979) Technics and Praxis, Dordrecht: Reidel. (The beginning of this author’s rich phenomenological philosophy of technology.)
	Ingarden, R.W. (1931) Das literarische Kunstwerk, Tübingen: Max Niemeyer; trans. G.G. Grabowicz, The Literary Work of Art, Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1973. (Major contribution to phenomenological aesthetics.)
	James, W. (1890) Principles of Psychology, New York: Henry Holt. (Anticipation of phenomenology recognized by Husserl, Gurwitsch, Schutz and others.)
	Kuki, S. (1930) Iki no Kouzou (The structure of Iki), Tokyo: Iwanami-shoten. (Arguably an early contribution to existential phenomenology.)
	Kockelmans, J.J. (1993) Ideas for a Hermeneutic Phenomenology of Natural Science, Dordrecht: Kluwer. (Culminating contribution to hermeneutical phenomenology.)
	Merleau-Ponty, M. (1945) Phénoménologie de la perception, Paris: Gallimard; trans. C. Smith, Phenomenology of Perception, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1962. (Major text of this author and of existential phenomenology.)
	Miki, K. (1926) Pasukaru niokeru Ningen no Kenkyu (A Study of Man in Pascal), Tokyo: Iwanami-shoten. (Probably the first manifestation of existential phenomenology, but long unrecognized in the West.)
	Mohanty, J.N. (1982) Husserl and Frege, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. (Studies connections between these two tradition founders and dispels myth that Husserl overcame his psychologism under Frege’s influence.)
	Mohanty, J.N. (1989) Transcendental Phenomenology: An Analytic Account, Oxford: Blackwell. (Excellent recent presentation.)
	Mulligan, K. (1987) Speech Act and Sachverhalt: Reinach and the Foundations of Realist Phenomenology, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff. (As the title indicates, discusses the foundations of realist phenomenology.)
	Nicholson, G. (1984) Seeing and Reading, Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press International. (Hermeneutical phenomenology of perception.)
	Pfänder, A. (1900) Phänomenologie des Wollens, Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth; trans. H. Spiegelberg, in Phenomenology of Willing and Motivation, Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1967. (Important early text of realistic phenomenology.)
	Reinach, A. (1913) ‘Die apriorischen Grundlagen des bürgerlichen Rechts’, in Sämtliche Werke, ed. K. Schuhmann and B. Smith; trans. ‘The Apriori Foundation of the Civil Law’, Alethia (1982) 3: 1–142. (As the title indicates, deals with the apriori foundations of civil law.)
	Ricoeur, P. (1969a) Le conflit des interprétations. Essais d’hermeneutique, Paris: Seuil; ed. D. Ihde; trans. W. Domingo et al., The Conflict of Interpretations: Essays in Hermeneutics, Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1974. (Mature expression of author’s hermeneutical phenomenology.)
	Ricoeur, P. (1969b) Hermeneutics and the Human Sciences, New York: Cambridge University Press. (Hermeneutical phenomenology of human or cultural sciences.)
	Sartre, J.-P. (1943) L’être et le néant, Paris: Gallimard; trans. H.E. Barnes, Being and Nothingness, New York: Philosophical Library, 1956. (Major source of existential phenomenological ontology.)
	Scheler, M. (1913, 1916) Der Formalismus in der Ethik und die Materiale Wertethik, Bern: A. Francke; trans. M.S. Frings and R.L. Funk, Formalism in Ethics and Non-Formal Ethics of Values, Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1973. (Major ethical position from standpoint of realistic phenomenology.)
	Schrag, C.O. (1969) Experience and Being, Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press. (Early expression of hermeneutical phenomenology in United States.)
	Schutz, A. (1962–96) Collected Papers, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. (Highly influential source for constitutive phenomenology of the natural attitude and phenomenology of the social type of natural sciences.)
	Seebohm, T. (1972) Zur Kritik der hermeneutischen Vernunft (The Critique of Hermeneutical Reason), Bonn: Bouvier. (Transcendental phenomenological grounding of the method of the historical human sciences.)
	Sokolowski, R. (1974) Husserlian Meditations, Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press. (Fine example of Husserlian research.)
	Spiegelberg, H. (1982) The Phenomenological Movement, 3rd edn, revised and enlarged with the collaboration of K. Schuhmann, The Hague: Kluwer Academic Publishers. (Classic study only superceded by Embree’s 1996 Encylopedia.)
	Stein, E. (1959) Die Frau, Ihre Aufgabe nach Natur und Gnade, Louvain: E. Nauwelaerts; trans. F.M. Oben, Essays on Women, in Collected Works, vol. 2, Washington, DC: ICS Publications, 1987. (Late recognized inception of phenomenological investigations of gender.)