Democracy

References and further reading

	Barber, B. (1984) Strong Democracy, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. (Referred to in §4.)
	Copp, D., Hampton, J. and Roemer, J.E. (1993) The Idea of Democracy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Full collection of studies on truth, antecedent preferences and publicity.)
	Dahl, R.A. (1989) Democracy and its Critics, New Haven, CT, and London: Yale University Press. (Presentation of criticisms and reply; useful on equality.)
	Elster, J. (1986) ‘The Market and the Forum’, in J. Elster and A. Hylland (eds) Foundations of Social Choice Theory, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Mentioned in §6.)
	Estlund, D. (1989) ‘The Puzzle of the Minority Democrat’, American Philosophical Quarterly 26: 143–51. (Contains an account and full bibliography of the paradox of democracy.)
	Gallie, W.B. (1956) ‘Essentially Contested Concepts’, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 56: 167–98. (Discussed in §1.)
	Graham, K. (1986) The Battle of Democracy, Brighton: Wheatsheaf. (Analyses democracy in terms of various normative grounds; good defence in terms of autonomy and also useful on Marxist theories.)
	Harrison, R. (1993) Democracy, London: Routledge. (Historical account and analysis of value in terms of such values as equality, knowledge and autonomy.)
	Madison, J., Hamilton, A. and Jay, J. (1787–8) The Federalist Papers, ed. I. Kramnick, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1987. (Paper number ten, written by Madison, is quoted in §1.)
	Mill, J. (1820) Government, reprinted in J. Lively and J. Rees (eds) Utilitarian Logic and Politics, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978. (Referred to in §5.)
	Mill, J.S. (1859) On Liberty, in Utilitarianism/On Liberty/Considerations on Representative Government, London: Dent, 1910. (Chapter 1 refers to the ‘tyranny of the majority’, mentioned in §2.)
	Mill, J.S. (1861) Considerations on Representative Government, in Utilitarianism/On Liberty/Considerations on Representative Government, London: Dent, 1910. (Discussed in §6.)
	Montesquieu, C.L. de S. (1748) De l’esprit des lois (The Spirit of the Laws), trans. A. Cohler , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. (The statement about size, referred to in §1, is in Book 8, chapter 16.)
	Nelson, W.N. (1980) On Justifying Democracy, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. (Mentioned in §6; criticizes various supposed bases.)
	Phillips, A. (1991) Engendering Democracy, Cambridge: Polity Press. (Feminist analysis and critique of democracy.)
	Plato (c. 380–367) The Republic, trans. with introduction and notes by F.M. Cornford, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1941. (Referred to in §4.)
	Rawls, J. (1971) A Theory of Justice, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (Section 23 is on publicity; sections 53 and 54 are on majority rule; the proposal to pay political parties, mentioned in §6, occurs on page 226.)
	Rousseau, J.-J. (1762) Du contrat social, ed. and trans. G.D.H. Cole in The Social Contract and Discourses, London: Dent, 1973. (That states should be small and fortunes equal as preconditions for democracy is claimed in Book 3, chapter 4; however, it is the first two books which have been most influential, particularly about the general will.)
	Riker, W.H. (1982) Liberalism against Populism, San Francisco, CA: W.H. Freeman. (Mentioned in §1.)
	Schumpeter, J.A. (1943) Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy, London: Allen & Unwin. (Part IV criticizes the classical account of democracy and proposes instead that democracy should be seen as the competition between various elites bidding for votes.)
	Singer, P. (1973) Democracy and Disobedience, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Argues that participation in a democratic procedure places the participants under an obligation to accept its results.)
	Tocqueville, A. de (1835) De la democratie en Amerique (Democracy in America), ed. J.P. Mayer and M. Lerner, London: Fontana, 1966. (Part I, chapter 15, is the section on the ‘tyranny of the majority’, referred to in §2.)
	Wollheim, R. (1962) ‘A Paradox in the Theory of Democracy’, in P. Laslett and W.G. Runciman (eds) Philosophy, Politics and Society, 2nd series, Oxford: Blackwell. (The article referred to in §3.)