Happiness

References and further reading

	Annas, J. (1993) The Morality of Happiness, New York: Oxford University Press. (A history of ancient ethics, focused on the notions of virtue and happiness, from Aristotle onwards.)
	Aristotle (c. mid 4th century) Nicomachean Ethics, trans. with notes by T. Irwin, Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing Company, 1985, bks I, X. (Contains the core of his account of happiness.)
	Austin, J. (1968) ‘Pleasure and Happiness’, Philosophy 43. (Examines the distinction.)
	Bentham, J. (1789) An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation, ed. J.H. Burns and H.L.A. Hart, revised F. Rosen, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996. (Classic expression of the view that happiness consists in pleasure.)
	Brandt, R.B. (1979) A Theory of the Good and the Right, Oxford: Clarendon Press. (Argues that rational persons would choose a utilitarian moral code, and provides important discussions of such issues as happiness, welfare and desire-satisfaction.)
	Crisp, R. (1997) Mill on Utilitarianism, London: Routledge, chaps 2–3. (Discusses Mill’s view of happiness.)
	Den Uyl, D. and Machan, T.R. (1983) ‘Recent Work on the Concept of Happiness’, American Philosophical Quarterly 20. (A survey of contemporary discussions.)
	Glover, J. (1990) Utilitarianism and its Critics, New York: Macmillan, pt II. (Good selection of writings on happiness, with special relevance to utilitarianism.)
	Griffin, J. (1986) Well-Being, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pt I. (Examines different accounts of wellbeing in modern ethics.)
	Hobbes, T. (1651) Leviathan, ed. C.B. Macpherson, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1968. (Can be interpreted as arguing that virtue and happiness are in opposition.)
	Kraut, R. (1979) ‘Two Conceptions of Happiness’, Philosophical Review 80. (Explores the similarities and differences in two conceptions of happiness, Aristotle’s and our own.)
	Mill, J.S. (1861) Utilitarianism, ed. R. Crisp, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998, ch. 2. (Argues that happiness consists in both higher and lower pleasures.)
	Parfit, D. (1984) Reasons and Persons, Oxford: Clarendon Press, appendix I. (Identifies different positions about what makes someone’s life go well.)
	Plato (c.380–367) Republic, trans. G.M. Grube, revised by C. Reeve, Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing Company, 1992. (Famous ancient argument for the identification of virtue and happiness.)
	Rawls, J. (1971) A Theory of Justice, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (In the course of developing a non-utilitarian theory of justice, presents important criticisms of utilitarianism.)
	Sidgwick, H. (1874) The Methods of Ethics, London: Macmillan; 7th edn, 1907. (The fullest and most closely argued version of classical utilitarianism.)
	Sumner, L.W. (1996) Welfare, Happiness, and Ethics, Oxford: Clarendon Press. (Rejects hedonism and desire accounts, and defends a close connection of wellbeing to happiness.)