Logical form

References and further reading

	Aristotle (c.350s–330s) Prior Analytics, trans. and with commentary by R. Smith, Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing Company, 1989, esp. I.1–7. (Referred to in §1. The primary source for Aristotle’s formal logic.)
	Davidson, D. (1967) ‘The Logical Form of Action Sentences’, in N. Rescher (ed.) The Logic of Decision and Action, Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 81–95; repr. with replies to critics in D. Davidson, Essays on Actions and Events, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980, esp. 137–46. (The source of Davidson’s account of action sentences with adverbial modifiers; discussed in §3.)
	Harman, G. (1972) ‘Logical Form’, Foundations of Language 9: 38–65; repr. in D. Davidson and G. Harman (eds) The Logic of Grammar, Encino, CA: Dickenson, 1975, 289–307. (A fine discussion of theories of logical form on which the comparative principles in §3 are based.)
	Russell, B.A.W. (1914) ‘Logic as the Essence of Philosophy’, in Our Knowledge of the External World, London: Allen & Unwin, 33–53; London: Routledge, 1993. (Perhaps Russell’s strongest statement of his view of the role of logical form in logic and philosophy.)
	Russell, B.A.W. (1919) An Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy, London: Routledge, 1993. (An engaging if not always wholly clear account of the basic issues in philosophical logic and the philosophy of mathematics. Chapter 16 is a classic account of Russell’s theory of definite descriptions; chapter 18 includes a lengthy discussion of logical form.)
	Tarski, A. (1933) Pojęcie prawdy w jezykach nauk dedukcyjnych, Warsaw; trans. J.H. Woodger (1956), ‘On the Concept of Truth in Formalized Languages’, in Logic, Semantics, Metamathematics, ed. J. Corcoran, Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing Company, 2nd edn, 1983, 152–278. (Referred to in §2. The classic work of model-theoretic semantics.)
	Whitehead, A.N. and Russell, B.A.W. (1910–13) Principia Mathematica, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 3 vols; 2nd edn, 1925–7. (Referred to in §2. Probably the most influential work in logic in the twentieth century; extremely technical.)
	Wittgenstein, L.J.J. (1922) Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, trans. C.K. Ogden and F.P. Ramsey, London: Routledge; trans. D.F. Pears and B.F. McGuinness, London: Routledge, 1975. (A unique, highly influential work by Russell’s most famous student in which a very interesting, somewhat eccentric notion of logical form plays a prominent role.)