Hope

References and further reading

	Augustine (421) Enchiridion, trans. M. Dods, in The Works of Aurelius Augustinus, Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1871–6; this translation repr. in V.J. Bourke (ed.) The Essential Augustine, New York: New American Library, 1964, 173. (A handbook, or manual, covering the manner in which God is to be worshipped; among the last of Augustine’s works.)
	Bloch, E. (1954–9) Das Prinzip Hoffnung, Frankfurt: Suhrkamp Verlag, 2 vols; trans. N. Plaice, S. Plaice and P. Knight, The Principle of Hope, vol. 3: Oxford: Blackwell, 1986. (Bloch’s major, encyclopedic work expressing his views about hope.)
	Buhr, M. (1970) ‘A Critique of Ernst Bloch’s Philosophy of Hope’, Philosophy Today 14: 259–271. (Example of the orthodox Marxist response to Bloch’s philosophy.)
	Day, J.P. (1969) ‘Hope’, American Philosophical Quarterly 6: 89–102. (Clear analysis of goal-directed hope.)
	Descartes (1649) La passions de l’âme, trans. J. Cottingham, R. Stoothoff and D. Murdoch, The Passions of the Soul, in The Philosophical Writings of Descartes, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985. (This work grew out of the correspondence with Princess Elizabeth of Bohemia and addresses the question of how mind and body can interact given that they share nothing in common.)
	Godfrey, J.J. (1987) A Philosophy of Human Hope, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff. (An excellent account of different types of hope, and an overview of its role in the writings of Kant, Bloch and Marcel. It is better on Bloch and Marcel than on Kant.)
	Godfrey, J.J. (1987) ‘Appraising Marcel on Hope’, Philosophy Today 31: 234–240. (Economical introduction to Marcel on hope.)
	Hobbes, T. (1651) Leviathan, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1982. (Hobbes’ major work on political philosophy, in which he argues for the absolute power of the sovereign.)
	Kant, I. (1788) Critik der practischen Vernunft, trans. L.W. Beck, Critique of Practical Reason, New York: Macmillan, 1985, book II, ch. 2, sections IV, V and VI. (Kant’s second major work on ethics, containing his doctrine that there are three postulates of practical reason: hope that God exists, hope for immortality and hope for the attainment of perfect freedom.)
	Kant, I. (1793) Die Religion innerhalb der Grenzen der blossen Vernunft, trans. T.M. Greene and H.H. Hudson, Religion Within the Limits of Reason Alone, New York: Harper & Row, 1960. (A late work by Kant which offers a moral interpretation of religion and further develops the role of hope in his philosophy.)
	Kierkegaard, S. (1844) Philosophiske Smuler, trans. H.V. Hong and E.H. Hong, Philosophical Fragments, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1985. (An important work by Kierkegaard in which he argues against any attempt to arrive at faith by means of argument, or objective thinking.)
	Leibniz, G.W. (1710) Essai de Theodicée sur la bonté de Dieu, la liberté de l’homme, et l’origine du mal, trans. E.M. Huggard, Theodicy: Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man, and the Origin of Evil, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1952. (An attempt to reconcile God’s perfection with the fact that there is evil in the world.)
	Marcel, G. (1945) ‘Sketch of a Phenomenology and Metaphysic of Hope’, in Homo Viator: prolégomènes à une métaphysique de l’espérance, Paris: Aubier; trans. E. Crauford, Homo Viator: Introduction to a Metaphysic of Hope, New York: Harper & Row, 3rd edn, 1965. (Marcel’s most comprehensive statement of his views on hope and its relation to faith and love.)
	McCarthy, T. (1986) ‘Philosophical Foundations of Political Theology’, in L. Rouner (ed.) Civil Religion and Political Theology, London: Notre Dame, 23–40. (Makes interesting connections between Kant’s defence of the three postulates from Wizenmann’s criticism and debates within critical theory.)
	Moltmann, J. (1964), Theologie der Hoffnung, Munich: Chr. Kaiser Verlag; trans. J.W. Leitch, Theology of Hope, London: SCM Press, 1967. (Hard reading for the uninitiated. Good introduction.)
	Peukert, H. (1984) Science, Action and Fundamental Theology: Toward a Theology of Communicative Action, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. (Develops a theology based on Jürgen Habermas’ critical theory, in which it is argued that that the utopian element in Habermas’ thought commits one to a hope for the redemption of the victims of history.)
	Philosophy Today 14 (1970). (This volume has a number of clear, short, introductory articles on Bloch’s philosophy of Hope.)
	Ricoeur, P. (1970) ‘Hope and the Structure of Philosophical Systems’, Proceedings of the American Catholic Philosophical Association 44: 55–69. (Interesting and lucid use of Moltmann’s Theology of Hope to relate philosophy and theology.)
	Spinoza, B. (1677) Ethica Ordine Geometrico Demonstrata (Ethics Demonstrated in a Geometrical Manner), trans. E. Curley, Ethics, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1996. (Spinoza’s philosophical system presented according to the geometrical method covering God, the mind, the affects, human subjection and human freedom.)
	Voltaire, F.M.A. de (1759) Candide, trans. D.M. Frame, in Candide, Zadig and Selected Stories, New York: New American Library, 1961. (Voltaire’s famous satire of Leibniz’s optimism.)