Lachelier, Jules (1832–1918)

By Piclin, Michel
Translated by Stern, Robert

Lachelier is, along with Octave Hamelin, one of the foremost French metaphysicians of the nineteenth century. An idealist, he was a major figure in the neo-spiritualist movement, which ...

Cousin, Victor (1792–1867)

Victor Cousin’s intention was to institute a ‘twofold reform in philosophy’ ([1828] 1991: 349) – namely, a spiritualist reform in psychology and an eclectic reform in the history ...

Boutroux, Émile (1845–1921)

By Gil, Didier
Translated by Stern, Robert

The French philosopher Émile Boutroux wanted to reestablish metaphysics in the face of a growing tendency towards materialism, but without rejecting the natural sciences. He hoped to achieve ...