Socialism

References and further reading

	Berki, R. (1975) Socialism, London: Dent. (A sophisticated analysis including discussion of Third World socialism and historical uses of the terms ‘socialism’, ‘communism’ and ‘social democracy’.)
	Bottomore, T. (1990) The Socialist Economy, New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf. (A short and readable survey of different theoretical and practical forms of socialist economy and debates about their defensibility.)
	Buchanan, A. (1985) Ethics, Efficiency and the Market, Oxford: Clarendon Press. (Includes a relatively non technical account of neoclassical defences of the market and their problems.)
	Cohen, G.A. (1988) History, Labour and Freedom, Oxford: Clarendon Press. (Contains several essays providing sympathetic analytical reconstructions of central normative concepts in Marx’s work, including exploitation, coercion and freedom.)
	Cole, G.D.H. (1953–60) A History of Socialist Thought, London: Macmillan, 5 vols. (A monumental and still unsurpassed history of socialist thought, especially in Europe.)
	Fried, A. and Sanders, R. (1992) Socialist Thought: A Documentary History, New York: Columbia University Press. (An extensive collection of extracts from the work of major nineteenth- and twentieth-century socialist theorists, including non-European writers.)
	Gray, J. (1993) Beyond the New Right, London: Routledge. (An accessible account of epistemic objections to socialism combined with a perfectionist defence of the market pointing also to its limitations.)
	Hayek, F.A. (1973–9) Law, Legislation and Liberty, London: Routledge, 3 vols. (Arguably the major work of the most influential twentieth-century defender of markets and critic of socialism.)
	Hirst, P. (1989) The Pluralist Theory of the State: Selected writings of G.D.H. Cole, J.N. Figgis and H.J. Laski, London: Routledge. (A selection of writings by associational theorists, with a useful editorial introduction.)
	Kolakowski, L. (1978) Main Currents of Marxism, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (An influential, informative and highly critical analysis of the main forms of Marxist thought through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.)
	Levine, A. (1988) Arguing for Socialism, London: Verso. (Argues that socialism can be justified by reference to values central to liberal political thought.)
	Lichtheim, G. (1983) A Short History of Socialism, London: Fontana. (A classic history of socialist thought and the socialist movement in Europe and the USA.)
	Mc Lellan, D. (1977) Karl Marx: Selected Writings, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (A useful collection of Marx’s work, including his early critiques of alienation and the separation of state and civil society.)
	Miller, D. (1989) Market, State and Community, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (A defence of market socialism responding both to traditional socialist objections to the market and contemporary liberal objections to socialism.)
	Phillips, A. (1993) Democracy and Difference, Polity Press: Cambridge. (A sympathetic but critical discussion of socialism’s failure to develop an account of democracy which recognizes forms of oppression based on gender, race, and so on.)
	Polanyi, K. (1957) The Great Transformation, Boston, MA: Beacon Press. (A broadly socialist but non-Marxist historical account of the emergence of the market economy.)
	Roemer, J.E. (1988) Free to Lose: An Introduction to Marxist Economic Philosophy, London: Century Hutchinson. (A rational choice reinterpretation of Marxist theory, presenting exploitation as the outcome of unequally distributed economic assets.)
	Rubel, M. and Crump, J. (1997) Non-Market Socialism in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, London: Macmillan. (A collection of sympathetic essays on the main currents of non-market socialism.)
	Ryle, M. (1988) Ecology and Socialism, London: Century Hutchinson. (Argues that neither ecological politics nor socialism can do without one another.)
	Sypnowich, C. (1990) The Concept of Socialist Law, Oxford: Clarendon Press. (Argues that legal rights and the rule of law have a positive role in socialism, rather than being tied to market societies.)
	Wright, A. (1987) Socialisms: Theories and Practices, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Perhaps the best brief introduction, emphasizing the diversity of socialist thought and sympathetic to the ethical socialism of the British tradition.)