Freud, Sigmund (1856–1939)

By Hopkins, James

Freud developed the theory and practice of psychoanalysis, one of the most influential schools of psychology and psychotherapy of the twentieth century. He established a relationship with his ...

Introduction to Philosophy

By Crane, Tim

REP can be approached at so many different levels: philosophers at any stage can lose themselves in the interconnected web of entries. ...

Conscience

By Dent, Nicholas

To have a conscience involves being conscious of the moral quality of what one has done, or intends to do. There are several elements under the idea of ...

Surrealism

This entry contains two parts. The first and larger section is devoted to an account of Surrealism as an artistic/philosophical movement that emerged in the early twentieth century ...

Lacan, Jacques (1901–81)

By Brockelman, Thomas

Jacques Lacan was a French psychoanalyst and philosopher whose contribution to philosophy derives from his consistent and thoroughgoing reinterpretation of Freud’s writings in the light of Heidegger and ...

Frank, Jerome (1889–1957)

By Duxbury, Neil; MacCormick, Neil

Jerome Frank was a significant contributor to the ‘realist’ movement in US legal theory. He is most closely associated with ‘fact scepticism’, the view that legal processes, especially ...

Introspection, psychology of

Introspection is the process of directly examining one’s own conscious mental states and processes. Since the seventeenth century, there has been considerable disagreement on the scope, nature and ...

Fascism

By Eatwell, Roger

‘Fascism’ is a term referring both to a political ideology and to a concrete set of political movements and regimes. Its most prominent examples were the Italian and ...

Certeau, Michel de (1925–86)

By Conley, Tom

Michel de Certeau, a French philosopher trained in history and ethnography, was a peripatetic teacher in Europe, South America and North America. His thought has inflected four areas ...

Cixous, Hélène (1937–)

By Conley, Verena Andermatt

Hélène Cixous, a prolific French author born in Algeria, works between poetry and philosophy. She is part of a larger intellectual community in France that, since the 1960s, ...

Fackenheim, Emil Ludwig (1916–2003)

By Morgan, Michael L.

Fackenheim is best known for his account of authentic philosophical and Jewish responses to the Nazi Holocaust. Fackenheim’s thought, indebted to German philosophy, always had a practical, existential ...

Nancy, Jean-Luc (1940–)

By Fenves, Peter

Jean-Luc Nancy has disclosed significant political and social dimensions to the general project of deconstructing Western philosophy. Existence does not precede essence, according to Nancy; existence is without ...

Vysheslavtsev, Boris Petrovich (1877–1954)

By Scanlan, James P.

Boris Petrovich Vysheslavtsev, Russian idealist philosopher and religious thinker, was exiled from his homeland in 1922 because of his anti-Marxism (which he later elaborated in a full-fledged philosophical ...

Freud and psychoanalytic aesthetics

By Clack, Brian R.

The contributions to aesthetics made by Sigmund Freud (1856–1939), and by other practitioners of psychoanalysis, focus principally on the origin and the function of the work of art. ...

Cixous, Hélène (1937–)

Hélène Cixous, a prolific, internationally acclaimed French writer born in Algeria and now residing in Paris, works between poetry and continental philosophy. She belongs to a larger community ...

Cavell, Stanley (1926–)

Born in Atlanta, Georgia, Stanley Cavell held the Walter M. Cabot Chair in Aesthetics and the General Theory of Value at Harvard University from 1963 until his retirement ...

Dreaming

By Revonsuo, Antti

Dreaming is one of the most mysterious mental states. When we dream, we experience sensations, perceptions, actions, emotions, and thoughts while our bodies lie immobile in our beds. ...