Averroes

see Ibn Rushd, Abu’l Walid Muhammad.

Averroism

By Ebbesen, Sten

‘Averroism’, ‘radical Aristotelianism’ and ‘heterodox Aristotelianism’ are nineteenth- and twentieth-century labels for a late thirteenth-century movement among Parisian philosophers whose views were not easily reconcilable with Christian doctrine. ...

Averroism, Jewish

By Leaman, Oliver

Averroism was enthusiastically taken up by many Jewish philosophers and adapted in a number of ways that extended its scope beyond mere repetition of Averroes’ own arguments. Jewish ...

Albert the Great (1200–80)

By De Libera, Alain
Translated by Murphy, Claudia Eisen

Albert the Great was the first scholastic interpreter of Aristotle’s work in its entirety, as well as being a theologian and preacher. He left an encyclopedic body of ...

Islamic philosophy: transmission into Western Europe

By Burnett, Charles

The Arabs took on the mantle of late antique philosophy and passed it on to both Latin scholars and Jewish scholars in Western Europe in the Middle Ages. ...

Aristotelianism, Renaissance

By Mahoney, Edward P.; South, James B.

By the Renaissance here is meant the period of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries during which there was a deliberate attempt, especially in Italy, to pattern cultural activities ...

Nifo, Agostino (c.1470–1538)

By Mahoney, Edward P.

Agostino Nifo was a university teacher, medical doctor and extremely prolific writer. His books included many commentaries on Aristotle’s logic, natural philosophy and metaphysics, as well as original ...

Voluntarism, Jewish

By Lazaroff, Allan

Voluntarism with respect to humanity and divinity became a powerful current in medieval Jewish philosophy, partly in response to the Neoplatonic doctrine of eternal and necessary emanation, which ...

Aquinas, Thomas (1224/6–74)

By Kretzmann, Norman; Stump, Eleonore

Aquinas lived an active, demanding academic and ecclesiastical life that ended while he was still in his forties. He nonetheless produced many works, varying in length from a ...

Ibn Rushd, Abu’l Walid Muhammad (1126–98)

By Leaman, Oliver

Ibn Rushd (Averroes) is regarded by many as the most important of the Islamic philosophers. A product of twelfth-century Islamic Spain, he set out to integrate Aristotelian philosophy ...

Siger of Brabant (c.1240–c.1284)

By Wippel, John F.

Born probably circa 1240 in the Duchy of Brabant, Siger of Brabant studied philosophy in the arts faculty at the University of Paris and became regent master ...

John of Jandun (c.1280/9–1328)

By Mahoney, Edward P.

John of Jandun was the most important medieval philosopher in the Latin West to consider Averroes the true interpreter of the thought of Aristotle. He considered Aristotle to ...

Vernia, Nicoletto (d. 1499)

By Mahoney, Edward P.

Nicoletto Vernia was a celebrated Aristotelian philosopher during the second half of the fifteenth century. His acquaintances included such personalities as Ermolao Barbaro, Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, Pietro ...

Giles of Rome (c.1243/7–1316)

By Del Punta, Francesco; Trifogli, Cecilia

Giles of Rome was one of the most eminent theologians and commentators on the works of Aristotle at the University of Paris in the second half of the ...

Shem Tov family

By Tirosh-Samuelson, Hava

The ibn Shem Tov family included four Jewish intellectuals of fifteenth century Spain whose philosophical, theological, homiletical and polemical works followed the persecution of 1391 and the ensuing ...

Hillel ben Samuel of Verona (c.1220–95)

By Rigo, Caterina

Hillel played a crucial role in the response of the philosophers in the Jewish community to the attacks made upon them by their enemies. He stoutly defended Maimonides ...

Aristotelianism, medieval

By Jordan, Mark D.

Although there are many possible definitions, ‘medieval Aristotelianism’ is here taken to mean explicit receptions of Aristotle’s texts or teachings by Latin-speaking writers from about ad 500 ...

Agrippa von Nettesheim, Henricus Cornelius (1486–1535)

By Keefer, Michael H.

Famous in the sixteenth century for writings in which he steps forward variously as magician, occultist, evangelical humanist and philosopher, Agrippa shared with other humanist writers a thoroughgoing ...

Alemanno, Yohanan ben Isaac (1433/4–after 1503/4)

By Melamed, Abraham

An outstanding Jewish thinker of the Italian Renaissance, Alemanno combined an eclectic Jewish philosophic rationalism, steeped in the medieval sources – Maimonidean, Averroist and Kabbalistic – with Renaissance ...

Greek philosophy: impact on Islamic philosophy

By Fakhry, Majid

During the Hellenistic period (323–43 bc), classical Greek philosophy underwent a radical transformation. From being an essentially Greek product, it developed into a cosmopolitan and eclectic cultural ...

Paul of Venice (1369/72–1429)

By Ashworth, E.J.

Like other teachers in fifteenth-century Italian universities, Paul of Venice focused on logic and natural philosophy in an undergraduate programme directed toward the education of medical students. Despite ...

Marston, Roger (c.1235–c.1303)

By Etzkorn, Girard J.

Roger Marston, an English Franciscan philosopher–theologian, was a pupil of John Pecham and a fellow student with Matthew of Aquasparta. Following closely in the footsteps of his master, ...

Aristotelianism in Islamic philosophy

By Kennedy-Day, Kiki

In Arabic, Aristotle was referred to by name as Aristutalis or, more frequently, Aristu, although when quoted he was often referred to by a sobriquet such as ‘the ...

Alexander of Aphrodisias (fl. c. AD 200)

By Sharples, R.W.

The Peripatetic philosopher Alexander was known to posterity as the commentator on Aristotle, until Averroes took over this title. His commentaries eclipsed most of those of his ...

Bloch, Ernst Simon (1885–1977)

By Geoghegan, Vincent

Bloch was one of the most innovative Marxist philosophers of the twentieth century. His metaphysical and ontological concerns, combined with a self-conscious utopianism, distanced him from much mainstream ...