Existentialism

By Guignon, Charles B.

The term ‘existentialism’ is sometimes reserved for the works of Jean-Paul Sartre, who used it to refer to his own philosophy in the 1940s. But it is more ...

Existentialism

The term ‘existentialism’ is sometimes reserved for the works of Jean-Paul Sartre, who used it to refer to his own philosophy in the 1940s. But it is more ...

Existential instantiation

see Quantification and inference.

Existential generalization

Existential import

Existential instantiation

Existential quantifier

Theology, existentialist

see Existentialist theology.

Existentialist ethics

By Cooper, David E.

Central to existentialism is a radical doctrine of individual freedom and responsibility. On the basis of this, writers such as Sartre have offered an account of the nature ...

Existentialist theology

By Evans, C. Stephen

Existentialist theology is a term used to describe the work of a number of theologians, chiefly from the twentieth century, whose writings were strongly influenced by the literary ...

Existentialist thought in Latin America

By Bertelloni, Maria Teresa

In Latin America the thought and teaching of José Ortega y Gasset have been very influential. Their influence leaves an important mark on the substance of existentialism. The ...

Phenomenological movement

By Embree, Lester

The phenomenological movement is a century-old international movement in philosophy that has penetrated most of the cultural disciplines, especially psychiatry and sociology. It began in Germany with the ...

Jewish philosophy

By Goodman, L.E.

Jewish philosophy is philosophical inquiry informed by the texts, traditions and experiences of the Jewish people. Its concerns range from the farthest reaches of cosmological speculation to the ...

South Slavs, philosophy of

By Lazovic, Zivan; Pavkovic, Aleksandar

Philosophy as a distinct intellectual activity emerged in the coastal towns of the Adriatic during the Renaissance. Philosophers from this area wrote in Latin and taught philosophy in ...

Bultmann, Rudolf (1884–1976)

By Seban, Jean-Loup

Rudolf Bultmann was one of the most influential Protestant theologians of the period that immediately followed the Second World War. A founding member of the school of dialectical ...

Quantifier

Integrity

By Davis, Ann

The possession (or lack) of integrity is something that all morally serious people care about and think important. In both personal relationships and public life, to describe someone ...

Spain, philosophy in

By Abellán, José Luis
Translated by Belmonte Talero, Gemma; Moran, Dominic

Historians have argued about precisely when to date the commencement of Spanish history proper, rendering dubious any reference to Spain as such in the period prior to the ...

Beauvoir, Simone de (1908–86)

Beauvoir was an existentialist philosopher, novelist and writer. Her early philosophical work (including The Ethics of Ambiguity, 1947) attempted to develop an existentialist ethics, rethinking the ideas ...

Jaspers, Karl (1883–1969)

By Salamun, Kurt

Karl Jaspers is generally known as an existentialist, but he also developed interesting conceptions in other fields of philosophy: in philosophy of religion, the concepts of Transcendence, cipher ...

Hermeneutics, biblical

By Thiselton, Anthony C.

Hermeneutics has traditionally been defined as the theory of interpretation. Biblical hermeneutics concerns the interpretation of biblical texts. But ‘interpretation’ tends to reflect the nature of the discipline ...

Existence

By Mackie, Penelope

Philosophical problems concerning existence fall under two main headings: ‘What is existence?’ and ‘What things exist?’. Although these questions cannot be entirely separated, this entry will concentrate on ...

Nihilism

By Crosby, Donald A.

As its name implies (from Latin nihil, ‘nothing’), philosophical nihilism is a philosophy of negation, rejection, or denial of some or all aspects of thought or life. ...

Quine, Willard Van Orman (1908–2000)

By Orenstein, Alex

Quine is the foremost representative of naturalism in the second half of the twentieth century. His naturalism consists of an insistence upon a close connection or alliance between ...

Kierkegaard, Søren Aabye (1813–55)

Kierkegaard’s work was shaped by his perception of modern culture as tending toward a kind of forgetfulness of what it means to be human. He discerned this tendency ...